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Course Standards
Greenhouse Industry Introduction
1) Analyze the global nature of the horticulture industry and assess the economic impact and
technological advancements associated with greenhouse production practices. Create a timeline
to summarize the history and development of the greenhouse production industry, citing
specific textual evidence.
2) Accurately maintain an activity recordkeeping system and apply proper financial recordkeeping
skills as they relate to a greenhouse industry. Demonstrate the ability to analyze records by
generating reports and completing related applications (i.e., employment application, efficiency
reports, SAE applications, and profit and lost statements).
3) Apply the concepts of occupational safety and industry safety prevention and control standards
by interpreting information from industry manuals.
a. Assess the purpose of worker protection standards and obtain the worker protection
standards student industry certification.
b. Review common laboratory safety procedures for tool and equipment operation in
horticulture laboratories, including but not limited to accident prevention and control
procedures. Demonstrate the ability to follow safety and operational procedures in a lab
setting and complete a safety test with 100 percent accuracy.
Greenhouse Design, Construction, and Components
4) Describe characteristics of successful greenhouses and create a list of factors for planning and
designing greenhouse facilities. Factors must include physical location, market potential,
utilities, climatic conditions, and production goals.
5) Classify greenhouse structures by comparing and contrasting greenhouse construction
materials, including but not limited to frames, coverings, and glazing materials. Justify selection
of greenhouse construction materials based on cost effectiveness, stability, maintenance, and
function.
6) Create an annotated model representing research-based practices in greenhouse planning and
design and justify the process outlined in the model. The design must include at least the
following items: structure materials, layout, lighting, bench arrangements, traffic flow, and
physical location.
7) Compare general maintenance and upkeep requirements for a variety of greenhouses in
relation to the type of structure and associated systems. Create a checklist of prescribed
maintenance, preventative maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting schedules for
greenhouse facilities and equipment. Demonstrate the mechanical skills needed for the general
maintenance and repair of greenhouses and associated systems (such as basic wiring, plumbing,
and general construction).
Growing Media
8) Compare and contrast the attributes of growing mediums. Write an informative essay to
describe the major components of soil, and identify basic physical and chemical characteristics
of soil including structure and texture.
9) Identify and provide written justification to describe the effects of soil and soilless composition
(pH, organic matter content, and mineral content) on plant health and growth. Perform basic
soil sampling and testing techniques and interpret test data to formulate corrective actions as
needed.
10) Explain the principles of media preparation; develop a check sheet to guide media preparation.
Describe the purpose, methods, and importance for sterilizing media. Compare and contrast the
cost effectiveness of premix and personal mix media to soil media.
Plant Structure, Function, and Growth
11) Apply concepts of scientific taxonomy and industry-specific terminology in distinguishing
different species and types of plants. Create a visual chart, brochure, or fact sheet that identifies
common plant species used in greenhouse production by classification, care, and use.
12) Research the basic plant structure components and create an illustrative plant model to identify
and differentiate among components. Demonstrate a working knowledge of plant physiology,
including:
a. The relationship between form and function for major plant structures
b. The anatomical and physiological differences of specific plant species
13) Select relevant technical information to analyze and support claims regarding the relationships
between light, temperature, and water on plant growth. Draw conclusions about the
interrelationships between plant life processes (such as photosynthesis, respiration, and
transpiration), plant growth, and maintenance.
14) Compare and contrast current industry approved methods to regulate plant growth including,
but not limited to, environmental, physical, genetic and chemical. Demonstrate in a live setting
or in a presentation the ability to apply the best growth regulator to specific plants to obtain
selected outcomes.
Plant Nutrition
15) Analyze the nutrient requirements of plants and assess the importance of the 17 essential plant
nutrients for plant health. Identify the chemical and biological processes needed to make
nutrients available for growth and maintenance, and distinguish among nutrient deficiency and
toxicity signs and symptoms in plants.
16) Research case studies to cite specific textual evidence determining the significance of safety
hazards associated with fertilizer use. In an informative essay, justify the use of different
precautions for the prevention or management of hazards and evaluate the efficacy of
prevention measures.
17) Identify the basic types of fertilizers and their applications for greenhouse production crops.
Differentiate the effects of fertilizer ratios on plant growth and health to hypothesize possible
outcomes of each ratio. Calculate proper formulations of fertilizers based upon label directions
using systems of equations. Demonstrate in a live setting or in a presentation the ability to
follow fertilizer label procedures precisely as they pertain to selection, handling, application,
storage, and disposal.
Plant Propagation
18) Differentiate between the methods of sexual and asexual plant propagation by summarizing
valid research. Compare and contrast the different techniques of propagation, explaining
advantages and disadvantages of each in an informative text. Conduct at least the following:
cutting, budding, layering, sowing, germination rate calculation, and seed viability.
Environmental Control Systems
19) Assess the procedures required for producing multiple commercial plant species in a controlled
environment, and apply these procedures to produce a variety of specific greenhouse crops.
Evaluate environmental factors that affect greenhouse crops to justify management methods.
20) Evaluate the greenhouse climate and recommend the proper climate control equipment to
maintain an optimum growing climate, including but not limited to ventilation, humidifiers,
heating, cooling, and shading. Provide written justification for each recommendation.
21) Demonstrate effective methods to meet water requirements for healthy plant growth. Examine
and explain how water pH influences plant growth. Research from multiple technical texts the
function and operating principles of greenhouse irrigation systems (such as misting, drip, and
overhead systems) to meet watering requirements for the purposes of maintaining optimum
moisture level for a variety of plants.
Diseases, Disorders, and Pests
22) Determine the economic and aesthetic impact of plant diseases, disorders, and pests. Identify
and diagnose the symptoms of common plant diseases, disorders, and pests, and summarize
methods of prevention, treatment, and control by drawing evidence from informational texts
and relevant scientific literature.
23) Identify the types of pesticides and their applications for greenhouse production. Research the
safety hazards associated with pesticide use for multiple greenhouse pesticides. Calculate
proper formulations of pesticides based upon label directions for specific pests by creating
systems of equations that describe numerical relationships.
24) Demonstrate in a live setting or in a presentation the ability to follow pesticide procedures
precisely according to label and safety guidelines, including selection, handling, personal
protective equipment (PPE), application, storage, and disposal.
25) Evaluate the basic principles and assess the overall effectiveness of integrated pest
management (IPM) for controlling greenhouse pests and diseases. Compare with traditional
chemical controls.
Hydroponic Applications
26) Examine the roles of hydroponic systems in greenhouse crop production. Describe essential
elements of hydroponic systems; explore recent trends and advancements to design a
hydroponic system for a specific greenhouse crop.
27) Apply basic principles of hydroponics to compare hydroponic and soil-based growing methods for
providing nutrients to plants. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using soilless
media systems to evaluate the efficacy for specific crops.
Greenhouse Business Management
28) Debate laws and regulations affecting horticulture businesses. Demonstrate the use of general
business and recordkeeping skills necessary to manage a horticultural business, including but not
limited to marketing, advertising, product displays, scheduling, inventory control, merchandise
handling and profit and loss statements.
29) Research, develop, and implement greenhouse production schedules for a representative
sampling of greenhouse crops that includes at least the following: plant selection, plant material
cost (seed, plug, cuttings), growth media, fertilizers, water, testing kits, pricing guides, profit
margin, labor, and other expenses.
Greenhouse Industry Introduction
1) Analyze the global nature of the horticulture industry and assess the economic impact and
technological advancements associated with greenhouse production practices. Create a timeline
to summarize the history and development of the greenhouse production industry, citing
specific textual evidence.
2) Accurately maintain an activity recordkeeping system and apply proper financial recordkeeping
skills as they relate to a greenhouse industry. Demonstrate the ability to analyze records by
generating reports and completing related applications (i.e., employment application, efficiency
reports, SAE applications, and profit and lost statements).
3) Apply the concepts of occupational safety and industry safety prevention and control standards
by interpreting information from industry manuals.
a. Assess the purpose of worker protection standards and obtain the worker protection
standards student industry certification.
b. Review common laboratory safety procedures for tool and equipment operation in
horticulture laboratories, including but not limited to accident prevention and control
procedures. Demonstrate the ability to follow safety and operational procedures in a lab
setting and complete a safety test with 100 percent accuracy.
Greenhouse Design, Construction, and Components
4) Describe characteristics of successful greenhouses and create a list of factors for planning and
designing greenhouse facilities. Factors must include physical location, market potential,
utilities, climatic conditions, and production goals.
5) Classify greenhouse structures by comparing and contrasting greenhouse construction
materials, including but not limited to frames, coverings, and glazing materials. Justify selection
of greenhouse construction materials based on cost effectiveness, stability, maintenance, and
function.
6) Create an annotated model representing research-based practices in greenhouse planning and
design and justify the process outlined in the model. The design must include at least the
following items: structure materials, layout, lighting, bench arrangements, traffic flow, and
physical location.
7) Compare general maintenance and upkeep requirements for a variety of greenhouses in
relation to the type of structure and associated systems. Create a checklist of prescribed
maintenance, preventative maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting schedules for
greenhouse facilities and equipment. Demonstrate the mechanical skills needed for the general
maintenance and repair of greenhouses and associated systems (such as basic wiring, plumbing,
and general construction).
Growing Media
8) Compare and contrast the attributes of growing mediums. Write an informative essay to
describe the major components of soil, and identify basic physical and chemical characteristics
of soil including structure and texture.
9) Identify and provide written justification to describe the effects of soil and soilless composition
(pH, organic matter content, and mineral content) on plant health and growth. Perform basic
soil sampling and testing techniques and interpret test data to formulate corrective actions as
needed.
10) Explain the principles of media preparation; develop a check sheet to guide media preparation.
Describe the purpose, methods, and importance for sterilizing media. Compare and contrast the
cost effectiveness of premix and personal mix media to soil media.
Plant Structure, Function, and Growth
11) Apply concepts of scientific taxonomy and industry-specific terminology in distinguishing
different species and types of plants. Create a visual chart, brochure, or fact sheet that identifies
common plant species used in greenhouse production by classification, care, and use.
12) Research the basic plant structure components and create an illustrative plant model to identify
and differentiate among components. Demonstrate a working knowledge of plant physiology,
including:
a. The relationship between form and function for major plant structures
b. The anatomical and physiological differences of specific plant species
13) Select relevant technical information to analyze and support claims regarding the relationships
between light, temperature, and water on plant growth. Draw conclusions about the
interrelationships between plant life processes (such as photosynthesis, respiration, and
transpiration), plant growth, and maintenance.
14) Compare and contrast current industry approved methods to regulate plant growth including,
but not limited to, environmental, physical, genetic and chemical. Demonstrate in a live setting
or in a presentation the ability to apply the best growth regulator to specific plants to obtain
selected outcomes.
Plant Nutrition
15) Analyze the nutrient requirements of plants and assess the importance of the 17 essential plant
nutrients for plant health. Identify the chemical and biological processes needed to make
nutrients available for growth and maintenance, and distinguish among nutrient deficiency and
toxicity signs and symptoms in plants.
16) Research case studies to cite specific textual evidence determining the significance of safety
hazards associated with fertilizer use. In an informative essay, justify the use of different
precautions for the prevention or management of hazards and evaluate the efficacy of
prevention measures.
17) Identify the basic types of fertilizers and their applications for greenhouse production crops.
Differentiate the effects of fertilizer ratios on plant growth and health to hypothesize possible
outcomes of each ratio. Calculate proper formulations of fertilizers based upon label directions
using systems of equations. Demonstrate in a live setting or in a presentation the ability to
follow fertilizer label procedures precisely as they pertain to selection, handling, application,
storage, and disposal.
Plant Propagation
18) Differentiate between the methods of sexual and asexual plant propagation by summarizing
valid research. Compare and contrast the different techniques of propagation, explaining
advantages and disadvantages of each in an informative text. Conduct at least the following:
cutting, budding, layering, sowing, germination rate calculation, and seed viability.
Environmental Control Systems
19) Assess the procedures required for producing multiple commercial plant species in a controlled
environment, and apply these procedures to produce a variety of specific greenhouse crops.
Evaluate environmental factors that affect greenhouse crops to justify management methods.
20) Evaluate the greenhouse climate and recommend the proper climate control equipment to
maintain an optimum growing climate, including but not limited to ventilation, humidifiers,
heating, cooling, and shading. Provide written justification for each recommendation.
21) Demonstrate effective methods to meet water requirements for healthy plant growth. Examine
and explain how water pH influences plant growth. Research from multiple technical texts the
function and operating principles of greenhouse irrigation systems (such as misting, drip, and
overhead systems) to meet watering requirements for the purposes of maintaining optimum
moisture level for a variety of plants.
Diseases, Disorders, and Pests
22) Determine the economic and aesthetic impact of plant diseases, disorders, and pests. Identify
and diagnose the symptoms of common plant diseases, disorders, and pests, and summarize
methods of prevention, treatment, and control by drawing evidence from informational texts
and relevant scientific literature.
23) Identify the types of pesticides and their applications for greenhouse production. Research the
safety hazards associated with pesticide use for multiple greenhouse pesticides. Calculate
proper formulations of pesticides based upon label directions for specific pests by creating
systems of equations that describe numerical relationships.
24) Demonstrate in a live setting or in a presentation the ability to follow pesticide procedures
precisely according to label and safety guidelines, including selection, handling, personal
protective equipment (PPE), application, storage, and disposal.
25) Evaluate the basic principles and assess the overall effectiveness of integrated pest
management (IPM) for controlling greenhouse pests and diseases. Compare with traditional
chemical controls.
Hydroponic Applications
26) Examine the roles of hydroponic systems in greenhouse crop production. Describe essential
elements of hydroponic systems; explore recent trends and advancements to design a
hydroponic system for a specific greenhouse crop.
27) Apply basic principles of hydroponics to compare hydroponic and soil-based growing methods for
providing nutrients to plants. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using soilless
media systems to evaluate the efficacy for specific crops.
Greenhouse Business Management
28) Debate laws and regulations affecting horticulture businesses. Demonstrate the use of general
business and recordkeeping skills necessary to manage a horticultural business, including but not
limited to marketing, advertising, product displays, scheduling, inventory control, merchandise
handling and profit and loss statements.
29) Research, develop, and implement greenhouse production schedules for a representative
sampling of greenhouse crops that includes at least the following: plant selection, plant material
cost (seed, plug, cuttings), growth media, fertilizers, water, testing kits, pricing guides, profit
margin, labor, and other expenses.