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Web Design FoundationsWeb Design Foundations is a course that prepares students with work-related web design skills for advancement into postsecondary education and industry.
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Teacher: Stults, Tony Shane
Course Standards
Safety
1) Accurately read, interpret, and demonstrate adherence to safety rules, including rules published
by the (1) National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), (2) rules pertaining to electrical safety,
(3) Internet safety, (4) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, and (5)
state and national code requirements. Be able to distinguish between rules and explain why
certain rules apply.
Client Relations
2) Create a questionnaire and conduct an interview with a client to gather specific information to
guide the web development project. Develop interview questions that will determine the
purpose; target audience; branding and perception goals; content sources; and any factors that
will affect the project schedule.
3) Using the information gathered from the client interview, write a project brief that identifies the
goals, audience profile, audience perception, primary message of the web site, and the
competitive advantage of the client. Allow the client to review the project brief and make
corrections based on client feedback.
4) Research the specifications that will be required to produce a web site that meets the needs of
the project brief. Using the findings, produce technical specifications for the web site. For
example, the specifications should consider the screen resolution, browser compatibility,
download time for the web site, and accessibility.
5) Demonstrate an understanding of maintenance requirements for a web site that is aligned with
the project brief. Develop a plan that thoroughly describes how the site will be consistently
updated and reviewed. Write a text explaining the maintenance requirements and plan to a
client. For example, a web site maintenance plan should include, but is not limited to, any
automated processes for changing content, required training for content contributors, and
assignments for specific updates (e.g., keyword, search engine, Meta data, and graphics).
Site Mapping
6) Conduct a brainstorming session to solicit a client’s feedback on web site content. Create an
outline that organizes the content into categories. Ensure that the outline is aligned with the
project brief and that there is space for future expansion. Present the outline to the client for
review and approval. For example, use a mind mapping process to capture all the ideas and
topics for a web site development project.
7) Applying the content outline, develop a diagram that visually represents the web site structure.
The site map (or web site wireframe) should show the interconnection of features such as the
homepage, links, and content for each link. For example, use software like Google Drawings,
Microsoft Visio, OmniGiraffe, Adobe Illustrator, or Microsoft Office to create a web site
wireframe.
8) Convert the web site wireframes to individual web page wireframes. A wireframe should
consider each element (e.g., navigation, images, content, functionality, and footer) and group
the information of its corresponding page.
Copyright/Licensing
9) Explore the use of stock images and demonstrate an understanding of the various types of stock
images like stock photography, microstock photography, and free (e.g., open source) images.
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of using these images.
10) Compare and contrast royalty-free and rights-managed licensing and explain how each licensing
affects the use of images. Research and describe the process to obtain permission to use
copyrighted photography.
11) Investigate multiple photosharing services and how they embed metadata within images to
assist in keyword searches. As a class, create a photosharing system (class use only) for studentcreated
images that include embedded metadata.
Introduction to Design and Layout
12) Demonstrate an understanding for how specific characteristics affect the quality and size of a
digital image. Define the following terminology and explain their effects on digital images:
a. Pixels
b. Color depth
c. Resolution
d. Palettes
e. Dithering
13) Compare and contrast raster and vector graphics and provide scenarios when it is best to use
each format. Further, explore their applications to vector-based drawing and paint programs.
Describe advantages and disadvantages of using each program type.
14) Research and identify the extensions of various image file formats like Bitmap, Tagged Image
File Format, Windows Metafile, Joint Photographic Experts Group, Portable Network Graphics,
and Graphics Interchange Format. Describe which file formats are supported by all browsers and
which formats require special software or a plug-in to view an image. Explain when it is most
appropriate to apply specific image file formats.
15) In teams, investigate image optimization and its importance. Describe how file formats influence
image optimization and identify optimization guidelines and sources to apply to web graphics.
16) Explain the graphic design concept of composition. Include various applications like visual
hierarchy, grouping, visual cues, and integration of elements.
17) Explore the use of grid-based layout and why it is used to create coherent, organized web pages.
Give examples of when it is suitable to use one-, two-, and three-column layouts to display
content. For example, research and discuss how the golden ratio (golden mean) is used to
create a design grid.
18) Drawing on multiple resources, demonstrate an understanding of typography, including related
definitions like measure and lead. Explain a designer’s application of the following typography
characteristics to create balance and relationship between elements on a web page.
a. Legibility
b. Typeface
c. Case
d. Emphasis
e. Type size and accessibility
Composition
19) Conduct research to determine how various colors are perceived by specific audiences and
cultures. Citing evidence from research findings, explain the following concepts:
a. Symbols, objects and images that attract or repel audiences
b. Color combinations that complement each other
c. Smooth color transitions and the effects on download time
For example, create a class demonstration showing which colors are most complementary and
how many colors define a color scheme.
20) Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between pixels and display color. Explain how
black and white are each created using color schemes CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black)
and RGB (red, green, blue) respectively. Furthermore, describe the differences between
subtractive and additive colors and how they are applied to print media versus a computer
monitor display.
21) Consider the two standardized numeric formats for color on the computer screen—RGB values
and Hexadecimal code. Compare and contrast the format of values for each and briefly explain
how they are applied to represent color.
Writing, Critiquing, and Publishing Content for the Web
22) In teams, research writing styles on various web sites (include sites of well-known organizations
and companies). Identify characteristics that are consistently used and include examples of what
made the text memorable and easy to scan. Use the research findings to create guidelines for
the class to apply to upcoming web design and development projects. During the survey of
writing styles on the web, take notice of the following:
a. Location of important information on the page
b. Use of bulleted lists and tables
c. Length and simplicity of paragraphs
d. Headlines and introduction sentences
e. Tone and voice used
f. Accuracy of information (current or outdated)
23) Given a specific topic from a web development project, write content for a web page and apply
the class writing guidelines. Proofread and rewrite the content to align with the class guidelines.
Give the writing assignment to multiple classmates for review. Revise the content based on
reviewer feedback. Follow this multistep process until the written product is appropriate for
publication on a web site.
Marketing, Branding, Identity, and eCommerce
24) Research various logos of well-known companies and organizations on the web. Identify shapes
and colors that are consistently used and include examples of what made the logos unique,
attractive, and memorable.
25) Drawing from various resources, identify several ways that a web designer can apply and
strengthen brand management and identity. Consider the concepts consistent color and logo
placement and explain the application of each.
26) Investigate how to setup and implement a secure e-commerce site. Citing evidence from reliable
resources, describe 1) measures to prevent shopping cart vulnerabilities, 2) pre-built shopping
software, and 3) hosting options for shopping cart software.
27) In teams, examine how demographics, psychographics, and audience data are used to market a
product or service online. Using this information, create a questionnaire to survey people about
a product or service. For example, the questionnaire could survey alternative promotion
methods, market growth drivers and barriers.
28) As a team, use the survey results and develop a marketing plan that identifies the following for a
web development project.
a. Promotions for both global (mass) and niche (micro) markets
b. Web marketing strategies and goals
c. Market growth drivers and barriers
d. Product distribution and availability
e. Product or service pricing
f. Advertising options to be used (e.g., links, banner ads, viral marketing, social media)
Introducing Coding Skills
29) Research the history of markup languages; briefly describe the function of markup languages
and why they are different from programming languages.
30) Explore the origin of the HTML standard and creation of the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C). Discuss the six versions of the HTML standard and how each differs from the other.
Explain the role of standardization and provide examples of how it promotes universality for all
web users.
31) Define HTML tags distinguishing between empty tags and container tags. Explain their
application to web development, why Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) evolved, and provide
examples of tags frequently used. Create a simple web page that consists of paragraph text, text
hyperlinks, tables, and elements in frames.
32) Demonstrate understanding of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Investigate and report how CSS
separate formatting elements from HTML and solve a number of design limitations like:
a. Proprietary HTML extensions
b. Text-to-image conversion to retain fonts
c. Page layout using tables
d. Images controlling white space
33) Explore the use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for page layout and cite evidence why CSS
provides more flexible and precise layout capabilities than tables and frames. Explain and
demonstrate coding for the following elements of CSS page layout.
a. CSS Box Model (e.g., inline, block)
b. Document Flow and Positioning (e.g., static, relative, absolute, fixed, float, z-index)
c. CSS Positioning Schemes (e.g., two-column layout, three-column layout)
Organization
34) As a class, define the guidelines for effective use of file and folder management techniques to
maintain directory structure for forthcoming web site class projects. The guidelines should
address efficient methods for maintaining site root and subfolders for assets (e.g., images,
templates, CSS), as well as the correct way to use file paths for relative, site root relative, and
absolute links.
Troubleshooting & Problem Solving
35) Troubleshooting and formal testing is a systematic quality assurance process and should be
routinely completed throughout the life cycle of a web site. There are various multistep testing
procedures for a web site. The following recommendations provide a general approach to
testing:
a. Review the content for accuracy, spelling, and grammar
b. Review site for broken links
c. Test the functionality of the web site as defined by the project specifications
d. Validate the HTML and CSS coding
e. Check the accessibility using automated tools
f. Test site on various browsers that the target audience uses
g. Analyze the connection speed and size of web pages
h. Conduct usability testing with target audience
i. Work with the server administrator to conduct load testing
j. Conduct authentication testing and review file authorizations
As a class, develop a quality assurance plan that incorporates the above testing procedures, as
well as outlines how the testing will be managed, how the issues will be prioritized, and how
problems will be solved.
Safety
1) Accurately read, interpret, and demonstrate adherence to safety rules, including rules published
by the (1) National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), (2) rules pertaining to electrical safety,
(3) Internet safety, (4) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, and (5)
state and national code requirements. Be able to distinguish between rules and explain why
certain rules apply.
Client Relations
2) Create a questionnaire and conduct an interview with a client to gather specific information to
guide the web development project. Develop interview questions that will determine the
purpose; target audience; branding and perception goals; content sources; and any factors that
will affect the project schedule.
3) Using the information gathered from the client interview, write a project brief that identifies the
goals, audience profile, audience perception, primary message of the web site, and the
competitive advantage of the client. Allow the client to review the project brief and make
corrections based on client feedback.
4) Research the specifications that will be required to produce a web site that meets the needs of
the project brief. Using the findings, produce technical specifications for the web site. For
example, the specifications should consider the screen resolution, browser compatibility,
download time for the web site, and accessibility.
5) Demonstrate an understanding of maintenance requirements for a web site that is aligned with
the project brief. Develop a plan that thoroughly describes how the site will be consistently
updated and reviewed. Write a text explaining the maintenance requirements and plan to a
client. For example, a web site maintenance plan should include, but is not limited to, any
automated processes for changing content, required training for content contributors, and
assignments for specific updates (e.g., keyword, search engine, Meta data, and graphics).
Site Mapping
6) Conduct a brainstorming session to solicit a client’s feedback on web site content. Create an
outline that organizes the content into categories. Ensure that the outline is aligned with the
project brief and that there is space for future expansion. Present the outline to the client for
review and approval. For example, use a mind mapping process to capture all the ideas and
topics for a web site development project.
7) Applying the content outline, develop a diagram that visually represents the web site structure.
The site map (or web site wireframe) should show the interconnection of features such as the
homepage, links, and content for each link. For example, use software like Google Drawings,
Microsoft Visio, OmniGiraffe, Adobe Illustrator, or Microsoft Office to create a web site
wireframe.
8) Convert the web site wireframes to individual web page wireframes. A wireframe should
consider each element (e.g., navigation, images, content, functionality, and footer) and group
the information of its corresponding page.
Copyright/Licensing
9) Explore the use of stock images and demonstrate an understanding of the various types of stock
images like stock photography, microstock photography, and free (e.g., open source) images.
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of using these images.
10) Compare and contrast royalty-free and rights-managed licensing and explain how each licensing
affects the use of images. Research and describe the process to obtain permission to use
copyrighted photography.
11) Investigate multiple photosharing services and how they embed metadata within images to
assist in keyword searches. As a class, create a photosharing system (class use only) for studentcreated
images that include embedded metadata.
Introduction to Design and Layout
12) Demonstrate an understanding for how specific characteristics affect the quality and size of a
digital image. Define the following terminology and explain their effects on digital images:
a. Pixels
b. Color depth
c. Resolution
d. Palettes
e. Dithering
13) Compare and contrast raster and vector graphics and provide scenarios when it is best to use
each format. Further, explore their applications to vector-based drawing and paint programs.
Describe advantages and disadvantages of using each program type.
14) Research and identify the extensions of various image file formats like Bitmap, Tagged Image
File Format, Windows Metafile, Joint Photographic Experts Group, Portable Network Graphics,
and Graphics Interchange Format. Describe which file formats are supported by all browsers and
which formats require special software or a plug-in to view an image. Explain when it is most
appropriate to apply specific image file formats.
15) In teams, investigate image optimization and its importance. Describe how file formats influence
image optimization and identify optimization guidelines and sources to apply to web graphics.
16) Explain the graphic design concept of composition. Include various applications like visual
hierarchy, grouping, visual cues, and integration of elements.
17) Explore the use of grid-based layout and why it is used to create coherent, organized web pages.
Give examples of when it is suitable to use one-, two-, and three-column layouts to display
content. For example, research and discuss how the golden ratio (golden mean) is used to
create a design grid.
18) Drawing on multiple resources, demonstrate an understanding of typography, including related
definitions like measure and lead. Explain a designer’s application of the following typography
characteristics to create balance and relationship between elements on a web page.
a. Legibility
b. Typeface
c. Case
d. Emphasis
e. Type size and accessibility
Composition
19) Conduct research to determine how various colors are perceived by specific audiences and
cultures. Citing evidence from research findings, explain the following concepts:
a. Symbols, objects and images that attract or repel audiences
b. Color combinations that complement each other
c. Smooth color transitions and the effects on download time
For example, create a class demonstration showing which colors are most complementary and
how many colors define a color scheme.
20) Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between pixels and display color. Explain how
black and white are each created using color schemes CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black)
and RGB (red, green, blue) respectively. Furthermore, describe the differences between
subtractive and additive colors and how they are applied to print media versus a computer
monitor display.
21) Consider the two standardized numeric formats for color on the computer screen—RGB values
and Hexadecimal code. Compare and contrast the format of values for each and briefly explain
how they are applied to represent color.
Writing, Critiquing, and Publishing Content for the Web
22) In teams, research writing styles on various web sites (include sites of well-known organizations
and companies). Identify characteristics that are consistently used and include examples of what
made the text memorable and easy to scan. Use the research findings to create guidelines for
the class to apply to upcoming web design and development projects. During the survey of
writing styles on the web, take notice of the following:
a. Location of important information on the page
b. Use of bulleted lists and tables
c. Length and simplicity of paragraphs
d. Headlines and introduction sentences
e. Tone and voice used
f. Accuracy of information (current or outdated)
23) Given a specific topic from a web development project, write content for a web page and apply
the class writing guidelines. Proofread and rewrite the content to align with the class guidelines.
Give the writing assignment to multiple classmates for review. Revise the content based on
reviewer feedback. Follow this multistep process until the written product is appropriate for
publication on a web site.
Marketing, Branding, Identity, and eCommerce
24) Research various logos of well-known companies and organizations on the web. Identify shapes
and colors that are consistently used and include examples of what made the logos unique,
attractive, and memorable.
25) Drawing from various resources, identify several ways that a web designer can apply and
strengthen brand management and identity. Consider the concepts consistent color and logo
placement and explain the application of each.
26) Investigate how to setup and implement a secure e-commerce site. Citing evidence from reliable
resources, describe 1) measures to prevent shopping cart vulnerabilities, 2) pre-built shopping
software, and 3) hosting options for shopping cart software.
27) In teams, examine how demographics, psychographics, and audience data are used to market a
product or service online. Using this information, create a questionnaire to survey people about
a product or service. For example, the questionnaire could survey alternative promotion
methods, market growth drivers and barriers.
28) As a team, use the survey results and develop a marketing plan that identifies the following for a
web development project.
a. Promotions for both global (mass) and niche (micro) markets
b. Web marketing strategies and goals
c. Market growth drivers and barriers
d. Product distribution and availability
e. Product or service pricing
f. Advertising options to be used (e.g., links, banner ads, viral marketing, social media)
Introducing Coding Skills
29) Research the history of markup languages; briefly describe the function of markup languages
and why they are different from programming languages.
30) Explore the origin of the HTML standard and creation of the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C). Discuss the six versions of the HTML standard and how each differs from the other.
Explain the role of standardization and provide examples of how it promotes universality for all
web users.
31) Define HTML tags distinguishing between empty tags and container tags. Explain their
application to web development, why Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) evolved, and provide
examples of tags frequently used. Create a simple web page that consists of paragraph text, text
hyperlinks, tables, and elements in frames.
32) Demonstrate understanding of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Investigate and report how CSS
separate formatting elements from HTML and solve a number of design limitations like:
a. Proprietary HTML extensions
b. Text-to-image conversion to retain fonts
c. Page layout using tables
d. Images controlling white space
33) Explore the use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for page layout and cite evidence why CSS
provides more flexible and precise layout capabilities than tables and frames. Explain and
demonstrate coding for the following elements of CSS page layout.
a. CSS Box Model (e.g., inline, block)
b. Document Flow and Positioning (e.g., static, relative, absolute, fixed, float, z-index)
c. CSS Positioning Schemes (e.g., two-column layout, three-column layout)
Organization
34) As a class, define the guidelines for effective use of file and folder management techniques to
maintain directory structure for forthcoming web site class projects. The guidelines should
address efficient methods for maintaining site root and subfolders for assets (e.g., images,
templates, CSS), as well as the correct way to use file paths for relative, site root relative, and
absolute links.
Troubleshooting & Problem Solving
35) Troubleshooting and formal testing is a systematic quality assurance process and should be
routinely completed throughout the life cycle of a web site. There are various multistep testing
procedures for a web site. The following recommendations provide a general approach to
testing:
a. Review the content for accuracy, spelling, and grammar
b. Review site for broken links
c. Test the functionality of the web site as defined by the project specifications
d. Validate the HTML and CSS coding
e. Check the accessibility using automated tools
f. Test site on various browsers that the target audience uses
g. Analyze the connection speed and size of web pages
h. Conduct usability testing with target audience
i. Work with the server administrator to conduct load testing
j. Conduct authentication testing and review file authorizations
As a class, develop a quality assurance plan that incorporates the above testing procedures, as
well as outlines how the testing will be managed, how the issues will be prioritized, and how
problems will be solved.
